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LABOUR FORCE SURVEY OF CAMBODIA
Highlights of the Survey
The highlights of the Cambodia’s Labor Force Survey (LFS) conducted in November 2001 are discussed in this section. Comparison with the 2000 LFS results has also been made in some parts of this section.Results of the 2001 Labor Force Survey (LFS) in November showed that the total economically active population 10 years and over in Cambodia numbered 6,359.2 thousand, a 17.6 percent increase on the level a year ago. It consisted of 3,062.0 thousand (48.2 percent) male labor force participants and 3,297.2 thousand ( 51.8 percent ) female labor force participants. The relative share of economically active population of Phnom Penh, Other Urban and Other Rural areas were 369.2 thousand (5.8 %), 562.7 thousand (8.8%) and 5,427.3 thousand (85.3%), respectively (Refer to Table A below)
Table A. Comparative Distribution of Labor Force Population 10
Years and Over by Area and by Sex, Cambodia:
November 2000 and November 2001
(Number in Thousand)
|
Area |
Both Sexes |
Males | Females | |||
| November 2001 | November 2000 | November 2001 | November 2000 | November 2001 | November 2000 | |
|
Cambodia |
6,359.2 | 5,408.8 | 3,062.0 | 2,593.0 | 3,297.2 | 2,815.8 |
|
Phnom Penh |
369.2 | 394.6 | 188.7 | 194.3 | 180.4 | 200.4 |
|
Other Urban |
562.7 | 454.0 | 289.3 | 227.6 | 282.4 | 226.4 |
|
Other Rural |
5,427.3 | 4,560.1 | 2,593.0 | 2,171.2 | 2,834.3 | 2,388.9 |
1. Educational attainment
Table B shows the distribution of labor force participants by highest educational attainment, area and sex. As shown, the bulk (56.4 percent) of the labor force participants attained primary level (Class 1-6); 18.9 percent not attended school or had not completed class 1 or not reported/unknown; 18.4 percent reached secondary level (Class 7-9); and 4.6 percent attained at least high school. The remaining 1.4 percent had either attained vocational BST/OS graduate/undergraduate or a post graduate degree holder.
Phnom Penh labor force participants posted the highest proportion of those who have attained at least vocational level of 11.2 percent compared to the Other Urban and Other Rural counterparts of only 2.7 percent and 0.7 percent, respectively.
In Other Rural areas, more than half (59.0 percent) of the labor force participants attained primary level (class 1-6). Of this total, 60.7 percent were female labor force participants and 57.2 percent were male labor force participants. The labor force participants with no schooling or had not completed any class at school or unknown/not reported were 24.3 percent for females and 14.2 percent for males. While 28.5 percent of males attained at least secondary level (Class 7 & above), only 15.1 percent of females attained the same level.
Similarly, the proportions of persons in the labor force who have reached primary level (class 1-6) and have at least secondary level (Class 7 & above) in Other Urban areas, were 49.6 percent and 32.8 percent, respectively of the total labor force.
Interestingly, female-male differentials are apparent, which could be due to the tradition where women are expected to take charge of the household chores while men are the ones responsible for the financial aspects of the household.
Table B : Distribution of the Labor Force Participants by
Highest Educational Attainment, Area and Sex, Cambodia: November 2001
(In Percent)
|
High Educational attainment |
Total | Phnom Penh | Other Urban | Other Rural | ||||||||
| BS | M | F | BS | M | F | BS | M | F | BS | M | F | |
| Cambodia | 100.0 | 100. | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Not attended school /no class completed | 18.6 | 13.4 | 23.4 | 9.5 | 5.7 | 13.4 | 17.6 | 11.4 | 23.8 | 19.3 | 14.1 | 24.0 |
| Primary (1-6) | 56.4 | 54.3 | 58.4 | 30.5 | 26.2 | 35.1 | 49.6 | 47.9 | 51.2 | 59.0 | 57.2 | 60.7 |
| Secondary (7-9) | 18.4 | 23.0 | 14.3 | 28.3 | 29.1 | 27.6 | 23.4 | 27.6 | 19.2 | 17.3 | 22.1 | 12.9 |
| High school (10-secondary diploma) | 4.6 | 6.5 | 2.8 | 19.9 | 23.7 | 15.9 | 6.7 | 9.2 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 1.9 |
| Vocational/ BST/ OS graduate & undergraduate | 1.0 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 6.1 | 7.9 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
| Graduate or higher | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 5.1 | 7.2 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.0 |
| Not reported | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
2. Monthly Earning/Wages
Monthly earning (in
cash or in kind) of employers and own-account workers and average monthly wages
in cash of employees from primary occupation are summarized in Table C. Data
shows that about 57.1 percent of employees and 44.5 percent of employers and
own-account workers earned at least 100 thousand Riels a month on the average.
While 81.6 percent of employers and own-account workers earned at least 100
thousand Riels a month on the average in Phnom Penh, only 59.3 percent and 41.1
percent of employers and own-account workers earned as much in Other Urban and
Other Rural areas. The same holds true for the average monthly wages of
employees where 65.9 percent in Phnom Penh earned at least 100 thousand Riels;
only 58.9 percent and 56.0 percent earned as much in Other Urban and Other Rural
areas, respectively.
Table C. Monthly Earning of Employers/Own-Account Workers and Employees by Area, Cambodia: November 2001
(In Percent)
| Employers and Own Account |
Employees |
|||||||
|
Earning/wages |
Total |
Phnom Penh | Other Urban | Other Urban |
Total |
Phnom Penh | Other Urban | Other Urban |
| 49,999 or less | 22.7 | 5.8 | 15.7 | 24.7 | 12.7 | 10.2 | 11.8 | 13.8 |
| 50,000-99,999 | 32.8 | 12.6 | 25.0 | 34.2 | 30.2 | 23.9 | 29.3 | 30.2 |
| 100,000-49,999 | 15.4 | 15.0 | 14.7 | 16.1 | 17.5 | 22.5 | 18.2 | 18.2 |
| 150,000-199,999 | 13.8 | 25.3 | 18.1 | 13.1 | 18.8 | 18.2 | 16.5 | 20.4 |
| 200,000-299,999 | 6.9 | 16.9 | 12.5 | 6.1 | 12.3 | 6.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 |
| 300,000-499,999 | 6.4 | 17.9 | 9.2 | 4.6 | 6.6 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 3.9 |
| 500,000-749,999 | 1.3 | 3.9 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 7.6 | 1.9 | 0.4 |
| 750,000-999,999 | 0.4 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
| 1.000,000-1,999,999 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 |
| 2,000,000 & over | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
3. Availability/Seeking for Additional Work
Of the number of total employed persons (10 years and over) of 6,243.3 thousand, about 29.6 percent reported that they were available for additional work, while 9.4 percent were available and actually seeking additional work. More males than females were available for additional work and actually seeking work (Table D).
Table D. Employed Persons by Available for Additional Work and Available and Actually Looking for Work, Cambodia: November 2001
Sex/Areas |
Total employed |
Available for additional work (%) |
Available and actually looking for work (%) |
| Cambodia | |||
|
Total |
6,243,329 |
29.6 |
9.4 |
|
Males |
3,017,132 |
35.8 |
12.4 |
|
Females |
3,226,198 |
23.8 |
6.6 |
| Phnom Penh | |||
|
Total |
362,614 |
7.8 |
3.2 |
|
Males |
186,122 |
9.5 |
3.7 |
|
Females |
176,492 |
6.0 |
2.5 |
| Other Urban | |||
|
Total |
551,566 |
25.5 |
11.0 |
|
Males |
275,052 |
30.0 |
13.2 |
|
Females |
276,514 |
16.0 |
8.8 |
| Other Rural | |||
|
Total |
5,329,149 |
31.5 |
9.6 |
|
Males |
2,555,957 |
38.4 |
12.9 |
|
Females |
2,773,192 |
25.2 |
6.6 |
|
For inquiries, e-mail us at census@camnet.com.kh |